There were three absolutely crucial figures in the first generation of Christianity—Peter, Paul and James the brother of Jesus.1 Of these, Paul probably played the most significant role in shaping Christianity. Prior to Paul what we now call ‘Christianity’ was no more than a messianic sect within first-century Judaism, or better, within Second Temple Judaism—‘the sect of the Nazarenes’ (Acts 24:5), the followers of ‘the Way’ (that
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